The CBSE Class 12th Board Exams mark a significant milestone in the academic journey of countless students in India. Serving as a gateway to higher education and career opportunities, these exams demand dedication, strategic planning, and a thorough understanding of the syllabus, exam pattern, and effective preparation strategies. Whether aiming for admission to prestigious universities or pursuing specific career paths, excelling in the CBSE Class 12th Board Exams requires focused effort and a clear roadmap to success. This informative guide delves into the intricacies of the exams, empowering students with the knowledge and tools to confidently navigate this crucial phase and achieve their academic aspirations.
- Introduction
Demystifying the Syllabus:
The CBSE Class 12th Board Exam syllabus encompasses a diverse range of subjects, each with its own unique complexities. NCERT textbooks form the bedrock of preparation, but venturing beyond is essential for in-depth understanding. Familiarizing yourself with the specific topics, key concepts, and crucial formulas within each subject equips you to approach the exams with confidence. Remember, mastering the fundamentals unlocks doors to deeper exploration and empowers you to tackle even the most challenging questions.
Decoding the Exam Pattern:
Knowledge is power, and when it comes to the exam pattern, knowing what to expect holds immense value. The CBSE Class 12th Board Exams employ a diverse format, featuring multiple-choice questions, descriptive sections, and varying marking schemes across subjects. Grasping the duration, question types, and weightage allocated to each section empowers you to strategize your time management effectively and allocate your efforts based on strengths and weaknesses. This understanding transforms exam anxiety into focused action, allowing you to approach each question with clarity and purpose.
Charting Your Path to Success:
Conquering the CBSE Class 12th Board Exams demands a meticulously crafted preparation plan tailored to your unique learning style and preferences. Begin early, create a realistic timetable that incorporates breaks and flexibility, and identify diverse study resources that resonate with you. Utilize textbooks, online courses, previous year papers, and practice tests to solidify your understanding, identify areas needing improvement, and build speed and accuracy. Consider seeking expert guidance if needed for personalized support and motivation. Remember, consistency, strategic planning, and a thirst for knowledge are your guiding lights on this journey.
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2023-24
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics consists of nine units, as mentioned in the table below.
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 70
| Unit No. | Name of Unit | No. of Periods | Marks |
| Unit–I | Electrostatics | 26 | 16 |
| Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields | |||
| Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | |||
| Unit-II | Current Electricity | 18 | |
| Chapter–3: Current Electricity | |||
| Unit-III | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | 25 | 17 |
| Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism | |||
| Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter | |||
| Unit-IV | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | 24 | |
| Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction | |||
| Chapter–7: Alternating Current | |||
| Unit–V | Electromagnetic Waves | 04 | 18 |
| Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves | |||
| Unit–VI | Optics | 30 | |
| Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | |||
| Chapter–10: Wave Optics | |||
| Unit–VII | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | 08 | 12 |
| Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | |||
| Unit–VIII | Atoms and Nuclei | 15 | |
| Chapter–12: Atoms | |||
| Chapter–13: Nuclei | |||
| Unit–IX | Electronic Devices | 10 | 07 |
| Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | |||
| Total | 160 | 70 |
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics Practical
List of Experiments for Class 12 Physics Practical: Section A
- To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph between potential difference versus current.
- To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.
- To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.
OR
To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge - To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
- To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
OR
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same. - To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2023-24
| S.No | Title | No. of Periods | Marks |
| 1 | Solutions | 10 | 7 |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | 12 | 9 |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | 10 | 7 |
| 4 | d -and f -Block Elements | 12 | 7 |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | 12 | 7 |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 10 | 6 |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 10 | 6 |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 10 | 8 |
| 9 | Amines | 10 | 6 |
| 10 | Biomolecules | 12 | 7 |
| Total | 70 |
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus along with Marking Scheme
| Evaluation Scheme for Examination | Marks |
| Volumetric Analysis | 08 |
| Salt Analysis | 08 |
| Content-Based Experiment | 06 |
| Project Work and Viva | 04 |
| Class record and Viva | 04 |
| Total | 30 |
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Biology
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
The CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus is vast and covers a wide range of topics across both Botany and Zoology. It’s essential to have a thorough understanding of the syllabus to effectively prepare for the exams. Here’s a breakdown of the key topics:
Unit I: Reproduction
- Reproduction in Organisms: Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pre-fertilization, fertilization, post-fertilization events, types of reproduction, methods of pollination, and seed and fruit development.
Unit II: Genetics and Evolution
- Genetics: Mendel’s laws of inheritance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, molecular basis of inheritance, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis, and cell cycle.
- Evolution: The origin of life, biological evolution and the evidence for it, including paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, modern synthetic theory of evolution, and human evolution.
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2023-24: Course Structure
Specified underneath is the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2023-24, along side the stamping conspire and no. of periods. Understudies can get the number of chapters and subtopics beneath each unit within the PDF given above.
| Evaluation Scheme (Theory) | ||
| Units | Topics | Marks |
| VI | Reproduction | 16 |
| VII | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
| VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| X | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
| Total Theory | 70 | |
| Practicals | 30 | |
| Total | 100 | |
2023-24 CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
| Unit Name | Chapters |
| Unit-VI Reproduction | Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Chapter-2: Human Reproduction Chapter-3: Reproductive Health |
| Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution | Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Chapter-6: Evolution |
| Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare | Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare |
| Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications | Chapter-9: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes Chapter-10: Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Unit-X Ecology and Environment | Chapter-11: Organisms and Populations Chapter-12: Ecosystem Chapter-13: Biodiversity and Its Conservation |
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Maths
CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2023-24
| No. | Units | Marks |
| I. | Relations and Functions | 08 |
| II. | Algebra | 10 |
| III. | Calculus | 35 |
| IV. | Vectors and Three – Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| V. | Linear Programming | 05 |
| VI. | Probability | 08 |
| Total Theory | 80 | |
| Internal Assessment | 20 | |
| Grand Total | 100 |
Unit-I: Relations and Functions
1. Relations and Functions
Sorts of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions.
2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Definition, extend, space, central esteem department. Charts of reverse trigonometric capacities.
Unit-II: Algebra
1. Matrices
Concept, notation, arrange, equality, sorts of networks, zero and personality lattice, transpose of a lattice, symmetric and skew symmetric lattices. Operations on matrices: Addition and increase and increase with a scalar. Basic properties of expansion, duplication and scalar increase. Noncommutativity of duplication of networks and presence of non-zero frameworks whose item is the zero lattice (confine to square lattices of arrange 2). Invertible lattices and confirmation of the uniqueness of reverse, in case it exists; (Here all lattices will have genuine passages).
2. Determinants
Determinant of a square lattice (up to 3 x 3 frameworks), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the zone of a triangle. Adjoint and reverse of a square network. Consistency, irregularity and number of arrangements of framework of straight conditions by cases, fathoming framework of direct conditions in two or three factors (having special arrangement) utilizing converse of a lattice.
Unit-III: Calculus
1. Continuity and Differentiability
Progression and differentiability, subsidiary of composite capacities, chain run the show, subsidiary of converse trigonometric capacities like sin-1 x, cos-1 x and tan-1 x, subordinate of understood capacities. Concept of exponential and logarithmic capacities.
Subordinates of logarithmic and exponential capacities. Logarithmic separation, subsidiary of capacities communicated in parametric shapes. Moment arrange subordinates.
2. Applications of Derivatives
Applications of subsidiaries: rate of alter of amounts, increasing/decreasing capacities, maxima and minima (to begin with subsidiary test persuaded geometrically and moment subsidiary test given as a provable apparatus). Basic issues (that outline essential standards and understanding of the subject as well as real-life circumstances).
3. Integrals
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a assortment of capacities by substitution, by halfway divisions and by parts, Assessment of straightforward integrand of the taking after sorts and issues based on them.
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 English
CBSE Class 12 English Syllabus: Core and Elective (In Points and Table)
Core English (301):
Points:
- Sections: Reading Comprehension, Creative Writing Skills, Literature Text Book & Supplementary Reading Text
- Reading Comprehension: 26 marks total (18 marks for unseen passage, 8 marks for case-based).
- Creative Writing Skills: 18 marks total (two writing tasks, 9 marks each).
- Literature Text Book & Supplementary Reading Text: 40 marks total (26 marks for Flamingo, 14 marks for Vistas).
Elective English (471):
Points:
- Sections: Reading Comprehension, Creative Writing Skills, Poetry, Drama
- Reading Comprehension: 20 marks for unseen passage.
- Creative Writing Skills: 18 marks total (two writing tasks, 9 marks each).
- Poetry: 22 marks based on the prescribed anthology.
- Drama: 20 marks based on the prescribed play.
Table Comparison:
| Feature | Core English (301) | Elective English (471) |
|---|---|---|
| Sections | 3 | 4 |
| Reading Comprehension | Yes (26 marks) | Yes (20 marks) |
| Creative Writing Skills | Yes (18 marks) | Yes (18 marks) |
| Literature Textbooks | Yes (40 marks) | No |
| Poetry | No | Yes (22 marks) |
| Drama | No | Yes (20 marks) |
CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Accountancy
CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus 2023-24
| Units | Marks | |
| Part A | Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies | |
| Unit 1. Accounting for Partnership Firms | 36 | |
| Unit 2. Accounting for Companies | 24 | |
| 60 | ||
| Part B | Financial Statement Analysis | |
| Unit 3. Analysis of Financial Statements | 12 | |
| Unit 4. Cash Flow Statement | 8 | |
| 20 | ||
| Part C | Project Work | 20 |
| Project work will include: | ||
| Project file | 12 | |
| Viva voce | 8 | |
| OR | ||
| Part B | Computerized Accounting | |
| Unit 4. Computerized Accounting | 20 | |
| Part C | Practical Work | 20 |
| Practical work will include: | ||
| Practical file | 12 | |
| Viva voce | 8 |
Part A â Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies
Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms
Partnership: features, Partnership Deed.
Provisions of the Indian Association Act 1932 within the nonappearance of partnership deed.
Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts. Arrangement of Benefit and Loss Appropriation account- division of benefit among accomplices, ensure of profits.
Past alterations (relating to intrigued on capital, intrigued on drawing, compensation and benefit sharing proportion).
Goodwill: meaning, nature, variables influencing and strategies of valuation â average profit, super profit and capitalization.
Accounting for Partnership firms â Reconstitution and Dissolution
Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing accomplices â sacrificing ratio, gaining proportion, bookkeeping for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of saves, amassed benefits and losses. Arrangement of revaluation account and adjust sheet.
Admission of a partner â effect of affirmation of a accomplice on alter within the profit sharing proportion, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of resources and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of saves, gathered profits and misfortunes, alteration of capital accounts and planning of capital, current account and adjust sheet.
Retirement and passing of a accomplice: impact of retirement / passing of a accomplice on alter in benefit sharing proportion, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of resources and reassessment of liabilities,
adjustment of accumulated profits, losses and reserves, adjustment of capital accounts and arrangement of capital, current account and adjust sheet. Planning of credit account of the resigning accomplice.
Conclusion
Understanding the Syllabus:
Mastering the vast yet essential topics across all subjects forms the bedrock of your preparation. NCERT textbooks act as your guide, but venturing beyond is crucial for holistic understanding. Familiarize yourself with the specific topics, key concepts, and crucial formulas within each subject to approach the exams with confidence. Remember, a strong foundation empowers you to tackle even the most intricate questions.
Decoding the Exam Pattern:
Knowledge empowers, and understanding the exam pattern grants you strategic power. Grasp the diverse question formats (including multiple-choice, descriptive, and objective), marking schemes, and duration for each subject. This empowers you to allocate time effectively based on your strengths and weaknesses and navigate the exam with focus and clear goals.
Charting Your Personalized Path to Success:
Excelling in the CBSE Class 12th Board Exams demands a meticulously crafted preparation plan tailored to your unique learning style and pace. Start early, creating a realistic and flexible timetable that incorporates breaks and accommodates individual needs. Identify diverse study resources – textbooks, online courses, previous year papers, and practice tests – that resonate with you. Utilize these resources to solidify your understanding, identify areas for improvement, and build speed and accuracy. Consider seeking expert guidance if needed for personalized support and motivation. Remember, consistency, strategic planning, and a thirst for knowledge are your guiding lights on this journey.
FAQ's
Both papers include Reading Comprehension and Creative Writing Skills sections. The Core paper focuses on prescribed literature textbooks (Flamingo and Vistas), while the Elective paper delves into poetry and drama anthologies. Choose the paper that aligns with your interests and strengths.
The weightage is generally uniform across sections within each subject. However, some subjects might have weightage variations between themselves. Refer to the official syllabus document for the latest information.
Practice mock tests to familiarize yourself with the time constraints and pressure of the actual exam. Divide your time strategically based on strengths/weaknesses and section weightage. Allocate buffer time for reviewing answers before submission.
